Modul Pengiraan Raspberi 5

Cross-Compile Qt 6.10 untuk RaspiOS Trixie

Pengenalan

Dalam catatan blog sebelumnya Pasang Raspberry Pi OS pada Modul Pengiraan Raspbia 4 saya menulis tentang pemasangan Raspbian pada Modul Pengiraan Raspbia dan kompilasi silang persediaan untuk QtCreator pada Ubuntu 20.

Catatan blog ini adalah kemas kini kepada - pada masa ini - versi terbaharu 6.10 Qt, RaspiOS Trixie dan Ubuntu 24.04 LTS.

Dalam kes ini, saya menggunakan mesin maya, dicipta dengan UTM pada MacBook Pro M1.

Keperluan

Perisian keras dan perisian berikut digunakan
  • Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5* MacBook Pro M1 dengan UTM dipasang
  • Ubuntu 24.0.4 LTS, arm64
  • Qt versi 6.10.1
  • QtCreator 18

Pemasangan dan persediaan Modul Pengiraan 5 dan Ubuntu dalam UTM bukan kandungan catatan blog ini, kerana terdapat banyak tuturial yang boleh ditemui di internet.

Sediakan Raspberry CM5

  • Imej Flash kepada eMMC dengan Raspberry Pi Imager
  • Ikuti pemasangan dan jangan lupa tetapan untuk sambungan jauh (ssh)
  • Sambung ke RPi dengan ssh -> dalam kes saya ke alamat IP 192.168.2.194 dan pengguna pi -> daripada hos Ubuntu anda
ssh [email protected]
  • Pasang perisian yang diperlukan:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libjpeg-dev libfontconfig1-dev libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libxkbcommon-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libgles2-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev  gstreamer1.0-alsa libvpx-dev libsrtp2-dev libsnappy-dev libnss3-dev "^libxcb.*" flex bison libxslt-dev ruby gperf libbz2-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev libxi6 libxcomposite1 libfreetype6-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libx11-dev freetds-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libatspi2.0-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpci-dev libcap-dev libxrandr-dev libdirectfb-dev libaudio-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev gdbserver
  • Buat folder untuk pemasangan Qt 6:
sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt6
  • Tambahkan sekeping kod berikut pada penghujung ~/.bashrc dan kemas kini perubahan:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/qt6/lib/
source ~/.bashrc

Sediakan Ubuntu 24.04 LTS

  • Kemas kini kepada versi terkini pakej perisian:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
  • Pasang pakej berikut:
sudo apt-get install make cmake build-essential libclang-dev clang ninja-build gcc git bison python3 gperf pkg-config libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libatspi2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev python3-html5lib libxcb-dri3-dev libxkbfile-dev libxshmfence-dev libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libdrm-dev libwayland-dev

Bangunan Qt6

Terdapat dua kemungkinan untuk membina Qt6. Terdapat versi "single" (https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.10/6.10.1/single/qt-everywhere-src-6.10.1.tar.xz) untuk dimuat turun, yang mengandungi qtbase dan semua submodul. Ini adalah perkara yang sangat berat dan memerlukan banyak kuasa dan masa untuk menyusunnya.

Cadangan saya ialah, untuk menyusun qtbase sebagai asas dan selepas itu menyusun hanya setiap submodul yang anda perlukan secara berasingan.

  • Buat folder untuk sysroot dan qt6. Saya mencipta folder ini dalam direktori Documents/Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie saya.
mkdir ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie
mkdir rpi-sysroot rpi-sysroot/usr rpi-sysroot/opt
mkdir qt6 qt6/host qt6/pi qt6/host-build qt6/pi-build qt6/src
  • Muat turun kod sumber QtBase
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.10/6.10.1/submodules/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.10.1.tar.xz
tar xf qtbase-everywhere-src-6.10.1.tar.xz
  • menamakan semula qtbase-everywhere-src-6.10.1 kepada qtbase, kerana qttranslations tidak boleh berfungsi dengan qtbase-everywhere-src-6.10.1
mv qtbase-everywhere-src-6.10.1 qtbase

Bina Qt6 untuk hos

cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host-build

cmake ../src/qtbase/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host

cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .

Binari akan berada dalam ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host

Bina Qt6 untuk rpi

Salin dan tampal beberapa folder daripada rpi menggunakan rsync melalui SSH.

cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie
rsync -avzS --rsync-path="rsync" --delete [email protected]:/lib/* ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot/lib
rsync -avzS --rsync-path="rsync" --delete [email protected]:/usr/include/* ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot/usr/include
rsync -avzS --rsync-path="rsync" --delete [email protected]:/usr/lib/* ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot/usr/lib
rsync -avzS --rsync-path="rsync" --delete [email protected]:/opt/vc ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot/opt/vc
  • Buat fail bernama toolchain.cmake dalam ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie.
    Anda perlu melaraskan baris "set(TARGET_SYSROOT ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot)" kepada persekitaran anda.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include_guard(GLOBAL)

set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)

set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/whale/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/rpi-sysroot)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} $PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} /usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR} ${CMAKE_SYSROOT})

# if you use other version of gcc and g++ than gcc/g++ 9, you must change the following variables
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc-13)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-g++-13)

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -I${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")

set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS "-march=armv8-a")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O2 -pipe -DNDEBUG")
set(QT_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed")

set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH ${TARGET_SYSROOT})


include(CMakeInitializeConfigs)

function(cmake_initialize_per_config_variable _PREFIX _DOCSTRING)
  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(C|CXX|ASM)_FLAGS")
    set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS}")

    foreach (config DEBUG RELEASE MINSIZEREL RELWITHDEBINFO)
      if (DEFINED QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config})
        set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_${config}_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config}}")
      endif()
    endforeach()
  endif()


  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(SHARED|MODULE|EXE)_LINKER_FLAGS")
    foreach (config SHARED MODULE EXE)
      set(CMAKE_${config}_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_LINKER_FLAGS}")
    endforeach()
  endif()

  _cmake_initialize_per_config_variable(${ARGV})
endfunction()

set(XCB_PATH_VARIABLE ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(GL_INC_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include)
set(GL_LIB_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)

set(EGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(EGL_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so)

set(OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libOpenGL.so)

set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLESv2_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libGLESv2.so)

set(gbm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(gbm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libgbm.so)

set(Libdrm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(Libdrm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libdrm.so)

set(XCB_XCB_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(XCB_XCB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so)
  • Betulkan pautan simbolik mutlak
sudo apt install symlinks
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie
symlinks -rc rpi-sysroot
  • Menyusun kod sumber untuk rpi.
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi-build

cmake ../src/qtbase/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DINPUT_opengl=es2 -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DQT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/qt6 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/toolchain.cmake -DQT_QMAKE_TARGET_MKSPEC=devices/linux-rasp-pi4-aarch64 -DQT_FEATURE_wayland=ON

cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Hantar binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi/* [email protected]:/usr/local/qt6

Konfigurasikan QtCreator

  • Sediakan Pengkompil

    Pengkompil keutamaan QtCreator

  • Sediakan Penyahpepijat

    Penyahpepijat keutamaan QtCreator

  • Sediakan Peranti

    Peranti keutamaan QtCreator

    Uji sambungan dengan butang "Uji"

  • Sediakan Versi Qt

    Keutamaan QtCreator Versi Qt

  • Kit Sediakan

    Kit keutamaan QtCreator

  • Sesuaikan tetapan bina, gunakan dan jalankan

    Tetapan Binaan QtCreator
    Tetapan penggunaan QtCreator
    Tetapan larian QtCreator

Tambah Submodul Qt

  • Muat turun kod sumber:
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.10/6.10.1/submodules/qttools-everywhere-src-6.10.1.tar.xz
tar xf qttools-everywhere-src-6.10.1.tar.xz
mv qttools-everywhere-src-6.10.1 qttools

Anda perlu menyemak kebergantungan pada /workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml dan /workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml.

Pastikan modul yang diperlukan hendaklah dibina dan dipasang terlebih dahulu.

  • Bina modul untuk hos.
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qttools
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Bina modul untuk rpi
cd ~/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qttools
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Hantar binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/Documents/Qt-Cross-Compile/raspi-os-trixie/qt6/pi/* [email protected]:/usr/local/qt6

Pengiktirafan

Sumber yang digunakan untuk mencipta Arahan ini: